PUBLIC OPINION AND POLLING AROUND THE WORLD: A Historical Encyclopedia by John G. Geer pdf

This passage underscores the importance of public opinion and why having an encyclopedia describing and outlining its key components is invaluable. Public opinion, obviously, matters, but in fact it matters a great deal more than we tend to assume, especially in a nation that claims to be democratic like the United States. The influence of public opinion on government is hardly new. Consider that James Bryce penned the above observation well over a century ago. Bryce was one of the great intellectuals of his time. He wrote numerous books on the American and British political systems. But he is best known for his insights into public opinion and its connection to the operation of democratic government.

America has shown more boldness in trusting public opinion, in recognizing and giving effect to it, than has yet been shown elsewhere. Towering over Presidents, and State governors, over Congress and State legislature, over conventions and the vast machinery of party, public opinion stands out, in the United States, as the greatest source of power, the master of servants who tremble before it.
—James Bryce, The American Commonwealth (1891)

If one reads the epigraph carefully, there is another subtle insight of a great mind. Bryce contends that America has “shown more boldness in trusting public opinion … than yet has been shown elsewhere.” The “yet” is telling. Bryce understood that although the United States gave more credence to the public opinion than other nations, this might not always be the case. He acknowledged that the spread of democratic government was possible and that other nations too would show such “boldness.” Over the last few decades, we have seen an explosion in the number of democracies around the globe.

Nations everywhere are paying more and more attention to the thoughts and preferences of the citizenry—a natural byproduct of democracy. It is this change, along with the importance of public opinion in the U.S. context, that makes the book very timely. The pages that follow not only provide a complete account of public opinion in the United States, it contains entries about how public opinion works in more than fifty other countries. This breadth provides readers a chance to forge a broader understanding of how public opinion works. No other volume takes such a comparative focus. The end result is a rich and interesting account of this topic…..

Contents

VOLUME 1
Preface
Part 1 The Role of Public Opinion in Democracy
Section One: Measuring Public Opinion

• The Sociological Perspective, Nancy Carrillo
• The Psychological Perspective, Steven Greene
•  A Mass Media Perspective, Patricia Moy and Dietram A. Scheufele

Section Two: Shaping Public Opinion

•  Interest Groups, Diane J. Heith
• News Media, Diane J. Heith
• Political Parties, Sean Hogan
• Presidents, Matthew Eshbaugh-Soha
• Presidents and Foreign Policy, Andrew Z. Katz

Part 2 Public Opinion in the United States
Section One: History

• Founding-Era Elections: 1787-1824, Ryan Lee Teten
•  Jacksonian-Era Elections: 1828-1848, Pearl T. Ponce
• Civil War-Era Elections: 1850-1866, Yonatan Eyal
• Reconstruction-Era Elections: 1868-1892, Ryan Lee Teten
• Progressive-Era Elections: 1894-1928, Joel David Bloom
• Depression-Era Elections: 1930-1940, Joel David Bloom
• World War II-Era Elections: 1942-1958, Richard W. Boyd
• Cold War Elections: 1960-1976, Valerie Adams
• Post-Cold War Elections: 1978-1990, Gar Culbert
• Contemporary Elections: 1990-Present, Jeremy Clayne Pope

Section Two: Issues

• Abortion, Brett M. Clifton
• Affirmative Action, Chris T Owens
• Alienation, Priscilla L. Southwell
• The Campaign, Christopher C. Blunt
• Campaign Finance Reform, David M. Primo
• Civil Liberties, Alex R. Trouteaud
• Civil Rights: 1942-2000, Mark Kemper
• Death Penalty, Christopher D. Karadjov
• Domestic Politics, Douglas C. Foyle
• The Economy, Kevin Arceneaux
• Education, Thomas M. Smith
• Elected Officials, Stacy G. Ulbig
• The Environment, Anthony C. Coveny and Courtney M. Rogers
• Foreign Policy, Douglas C. Foyle
• Gay and Lesbian Rights, Ewa A. Golebiowska
• Globalization, Amy Carter
• Government Spending, Bryan E. Denham
• Health Care, Jason Barabas and Jennifer Jerit
• Ideology, Kyle L. Saunders
• Latino Voices, Jason P. Casellas
• The Middle East, Anthony C. Coveny and Francis A. Gross III
• Partisanship, Stephanie C. McLean
• Pseudoscience Beliefs, Susan Carol Losh
• Religion, Brett M. Clifton
• Science, Susan Carol Losh
• September 11, 2001, Todd S. Sechser
• Social Context, Martin Johnson
• Social Security, Jason Barabas
• Terrorism, Amy Carter
• Trust in Government, R. Andrew Holbrook
• The United Nations, Christopher S. Leskiw
• Welfare, Jennifer Jerit
• Women Presidential Candidates, Rosalyn Cooperman

Section Three: Key People, Institutions, and Concepts

• Caddell, Pat, Andrew Z. Katz
• Cantril, Hadley, Albert H. Cantril
• Converse, Philip E., Stephanie C. McLean
• Exit Polls and Election Projections, Warren f. Mitofsky
• Framing Questions, Greg M. Shaw
• Gallup, George H., Alec Gallup and George H. Gallup Jr.
• Internet Surveys, Gerald M. Kosicki,
• Key, V. O., Jr., Marc D. Weiner
• Lippman, Walter, Caroline Heldman
• Miller, Warren, Michael Traugott
• Pollsters, Caroline Heldman
• Question Wording and Context, Martha E. Kropf
• Research Institutions, Sean Hogan
• Roper, Elmo, Carl W. Brown, fr.
• Sampling, Kyle L. Saunders
• Stokes, Donald E., Larry M. Bartels
• The Study of Public Opinion, Caroline Heldman
• Survey Methods, Martha E. Kropf

VOLUME 2
Part 3 Public Opinion in the International Arena
Section One: Comparative Perspective

• Beginning Democracies, Matthew M. Singer and Thomas J. Scotto
• Developing Countries, Vidal F. Romero
• Industrial Democracies, Thomas J. Scotto and Matthew M. Singer
• Integration: Using the Eurobarometer to Measure Support, Adam Brinegar and Seth Jolly
• World Opinion, Frank Louis Rusciano

Section Two: Countries and Regions

• Argentina, Gerardo Adrogud and Mark P. Jones
• Belgium, Steven Van de Walle
• Brazil, Lucio R. Renno
• Bulgaria, Rossen Vassilev
• Canada, Karen J. Long
• Chile, Patricio Navia
• China, Hongmei Li and James R. Beniger
• Costa Rica, Oscar Herndndez
• Czech Republic, Lisa M. Pohlman
• Estonia, Rain Rosimannus and Mikk Titma
• Finland, Jan Sundberg
• France, Lori M. Poloni-Staudinger
• Germany, Michael R. Wolf and Lori M. Poloni-Staudinger
• Great Britain, Michael R. Wolf and Craig Ortsey
• Hong Kong, Siu-kai Lau and Po-san Wan
• Hungary, P Matthew Loveless
• Iran, Taghi Azadarmaki
• Ireland, James P. McBride
• Israel, Asher Arian, Elihu Katz, and Danielle Shani
• Italy, Eleonora Pasotti
• Jordan, Fares al-Braizat
• Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, Eric McGlinchey
• Mexico, Gregg B. Johnson
• The Middle East, Nadra Garas
• The Netherlands, Thomas R. Rochon
• New Zealand, lack Vowles
• Norway, Tor Bjorklund
• Peru, Gregory D. Schmidt
• The Philippines, Linda Luz B. Guerrero and Mahar Mangahas
• Poland, Roger Schoenman
• Romania, Marina Popescu
• Russia, Sam Whitt
• Slovakia, Lisa M. Pohlman
• South Africa, Mbithi wa Kivilu, Ben Roberts, Zakes Langa, and Jare Struwig
• Spain, fuan Diez-NicoMs
• Sweden, Tommy Moller
• Taiwan, Yun-han Chu and Yu-tzung Chang
• Thailand, Robert B. Albritton
• Uruguay, Daniel Buquet
• Venezuela, J6se E. Molina V.

Appendix: National Election Studies 2002 Post-Election Survey Questionnaire
Print and Nonprint Resources
Index
List of Contributors

Language: English
Format: PDF
Pages: 908
Size: 3.9 Mb
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