Psychiatrist and traditional healers: unwitting partners in global mental health by Mario Incayawar, Ronald Wintrob, Lise Bouchard pdf

As we embark on a new century and millennium, sophisticated and scientifically based psychiatric, psychological and rehabilitative services are expanding throughout the world. Almost every country is committed to improving the mental health of their communities, through the cogent use of advances in neuroscience, behavioral medicine, and community mental health. However, most of the world’s population, who live in developing countries, has limited access to medical care (including psychiatric care), according to the World Health Report, 2001, of the World Health Organization.

It is estimated that up to 85 percent of the world’s population relies on traditional healers and medicines to meet their health care needs. The World Health Organization, in its Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005, notes that in Uganda, for example, the ratio of traditional healers to population is 1:200. This contrasts dramatically with the availability of biomedically trained health professionals, for which the ratio is 1:20000. In certain regions of the world such as in the Andes of South America, there are no psychiatric or mental health services available to the Indigenous Peoples.

They therefore rely completely on traditional healers, family and community support to cope with their mental health problems and relieve their psychological distress. This volume focuses on the significant contribution of traditional healers to the wellbeing of most of the world’s population and highlights the role of these unintended partners in global mental health.

Contents

Foreword by Raymond H. Prince
Foreword by Goffredo Bartocci
Salutation by Juan E. Mezzich
Preface
Contributors

1 Overview: Looking Toward the Future of Shared Knowledge and Healing Practices /Ronald Wintrob

1.1 Introductory Remarks
1.2 Complementary and Alternative Medicine
1.3 The US National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
1.4 Botanicals, Biological Products and their Commercial Development
1.5 The Medical, Medicinal and Botanical Knowledge and the Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples
1.6 Supernatural Determinism, Faith Healing and Exorcism
1.7 Faith Healing
1.8 Curanderismo and Candomble
1.9 Toward the Integration of Medical and Traditional Healing;
Case Examples from the Americas
1.10 Concluding Comments

2 Legitimacy and Contextual Issues in Traditional Lakota Sioux Healing   /Jeffrey A. Henderson

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definitions
2.3 Research on Indigenous Healing in the Americas
2.4 Traditional Lakota Sioux Healing
2.5 Renewed Interest in Traditional Medicine
2.6 Rephrasing a Typical Question
2.7 Issues with Legitimacy
2.8 Reimbursement for Traditional Healing Services in the United States: What are we Getting Ourselves into?
Conclusion
References

3 Doctor-Patient Relationship in Psychiatry: Traditional Approaches in India Versus Western Approaches /Vijoy К. Varma and Nitin Gupta

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Psychotherapy: Definitions and Common Concepts
3.3 Western Models of the Doctor-Patient Relationship
3.4 Traditional Models of the Doctor-Patient Relationship
3.5 Psycho-Cultural Variables Relevant to the Doctor-Patient Relationship Conclusion

4 South American Indigenous Knowledge of Psychotropics / Sioui Maldonado Bouchard

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Definitions
4.3 Three Indigenous Peoples’ Medicinal Plants: Quinine, Coca and Ayahuasca
4.4 Legal Issues Conclusion Notes References

5 Psychiatric Case Identification Skills of Yachactaita (Quichua Healers of the Andes) / Mario Incayawar

5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Quichua People
5.3 Research Methods
5.4 Comparison of Quichua and Western Diagnosis
5.5 The Western Clinical Diagnosis
5.6 Diagnostic Ability of Yachactaitas
5.7 Traditional Healers’ Diagnostic Abilities in Other Societies
5.8 Clinical, Research and Health Policy Implications Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References

6 A Western Psychiatrist among the Shuar People of Ecuador / Joan Obiols-Llandrich

6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Shuar Culture
6.3 Shuar Hallucinogenic Use
6.4 The Survey
6.5 Previous Research in the Shuar Area
6.6 First Steps in the Shuar Territory: Collaborating as a Psychiatrist
6.7 Witchcraft and Disease
6.8 The Wishin (the Shuar Shaman)
6.9 The Natem Experience Conclusion
References

7 The Awakening of Collaboration between Quichua Healers and Psychiatrists in the Andes / Lise Bouchard

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Pervasive Social Exclusion
7.3 Health Disparities and Health Care Inequities
7.4 The Quichua Response: Jambihuasi
7.5 Going Further: The Foundation of Runajambi Conclusion
Notes
References

8 Factors Associated with Use of Traditional Healers in American Indians and Alaska Natives / Jeffrey A. Henderson

8.1 Introduction
8.2 How we Assessed Traditional Healer Use
8.3 Results – Scope of Traditional Healer Use
8.4 Discussion Acknowledgments References

9 Re-Kindling the Fire – Healing Historical Trauma in Native American Prison Inmates / L. Tyler Barlowe and Karuna R. Thompson

9.1 Imprisonment and My Life as a Spiritual Advisor
9.2 A Snap hot of Life in an American Prison
9.3 Holocaust of Aboriginal Native American Peoples
9.4 Native Americans in the Oregon State Prison System
9.5 Historical Trauma and Traditional Native American Methods of Healing
9.6 Native American Healing Programs Within the Oregon Department of Corrections
9.7 Dignity, Identity and Redemption
9.8 Personal Comments from Inmates References

10 American Indian Healers and Psychiatrists / Jay H. Shore, James H. Shore and Spero M. Manson

10.1 Introduction
10.2 American Indian Veterans, Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers: Background
10.3 American Indian Veterans, Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers: Southwest Tribes
10.4 American Indian Veterans, Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers: Northern Plains Tribe

11 Mental Health in Contemporary China / Xudong Zhao

11.1 The Medical Care System and Mental Health Services in China
11.2 Difficulties Facing Mental Health Professionals
11.3 Help-Seeking Behaviors of Chinese Patients
11.4 Distinguishing Among Types of ‘Traditional Chinese Medicine’
11.5 Psychotherapeutic and Communicative Aspects of TCM
11.6 Folk Healers in China Conclusions Acknowledgments References

12 Health-Seeking Behavior for Psychiatric Disorders in North India / Antti Pakaslahti

12.1 Introduction
12.2 Orientation to the Temples and the Healing Tradition
12.3 The Network of Healers in Balaji
12.4 Background and Help-Seeking Pathways of Patients
12.5 On Symptoms and Diagnoses of Patients from Two Perspectives
12.6 Three Accounts of Help-Seeking
12.7 Summing up for Future Research Notes
References

13 Anxiety, Acceptance and Japanese Healing / Fumitaka Noda

13.1 Introduction
13.2 Japanese Psychology
13.3 Japanese Anxiety
13.4 The Religious Climate of Japan
13.5 Local Treatment (Morita Therapy)
13.6 Coexistence with Traditional Healers
13.7 Healing and Salvation Acknowledgment
Note
References

14 Dissatisfied Seekers: Efficacy in Traditional Healing of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Bali / Robert B. Lemelson

14.1 Introduction
14.2 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Tourette’s Syndrome
14.3 Traditional Healing of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Meaning and the Issue of Efficacy
14.4 Introduction to Balinese Traditional Healing Systems
14.5 Broad Philosophical Organizing Features of Balinese Healing
14.6 Does the Meaning Making of Traditional Healing Play a Role in Reducing Symptoms and Suffering in Neuropsychiatric Disorders?

15 Islamic Religious and Traditional Healers’ Contributions to Mental Health and Well-being / M. Fakhr El-lslam

15.1 Introduction
15.2 Mental Health and Moslem Identity
15.3 The Islamic Religion in Everyday Mental Life
15.4 Islamic Self-Help Therapy by Prayer
15.5 Islamic Religion as a Background Yardstick in Mental Health
15.6 The Relationship Between Psychiatrists and Religious Healers
15.7 Traditional Healing Practices in the Islamic World Conclusion
References

16 Bringing Together Indigenous and Western Medicine in South Africa: A University Initiative / Dan L Mkize

16.1 Introduction
16.2 The Inception of Western Medical Systems
16.3 Prospects for a New African Health Care System
16.4 The African Health Care System
16.5 Objectives of the African Health Care System (AHCS)
16.6 Resources
16.7 Stakeholders
16.8 Networks
16.9 Work Plan
16.10 Challenges Conclusion References Appendix

17 Globalization and Mental Health – Traditional Medicine in Pathways to Care in the United Kingdom / Ajoy Thachil and Dinesh Bhugra

17.1 Introduction
17.2 Migration, Mental Health and Traditional Medicine
17.3 Traditional Medicine and Pathways to Mental Health Care
17.4 Complementary and Alternative Medicine – Relevance and Collaboration Conclusion References

18 Psychotherapy or Religious Healing? / Micol Ascoli

18.1 Introduction
18.2 The Charismatic Theoretical Approach to Illness
18.3 Therapeutic Factors in Catholic Charismatic Religious Healing
18.4 Discussion Notes References Bibliography

19 Maori Knowledge and Medical Science / Mason Durie

19.1 Introduction
19.2 Traditional Healing in Contemporary New Zealand
19.3 The Structure of Maori Healing Process
19.4 Indigenous Knowledge and Science
19.5 Indigenous Healing and Biomedicine
19.6 Indigenous Healing Contributions to Global Mental Health
19.7 Exploring the Interface
19.8 Impacts References

20 Future Partnerships in Global Mental Health – Foreseeing the Encounter of Psychiatrists and Traditional Healers / Mario Incayawar

20.1 The Global Burden of Mental Illness
20.2 Needless Suffering
20.3 Medical Workforce Shortage and Allocation of Funds
20.4 Unveiling Traditional Healers’Contributions
20.5 Foreseeing Future Partnerships Acknowledgment
References

Language: English
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